On the Measurement of Buffer Values and on the Relationship of Buffer Value to the Dis- Sociation Constant of the Buffer and the Concentration and Reaction of the Buffer Solution.*

The nature and mode of action of buffers ............................ 525 Unit for measurement of buffer values ............................... 528 The buffer value of water plus only strong acid or alkali ............. 531 The buffer value of a solution containing a weak monovalent acid anditssalt .................................................... 535 Fundamental mass law equations ................................ 535 Differentiation of Henderson’s equation in order to calculate the buffer values of weak acids .............................. 537 Second derivative of Henderson’s equation. Point of maximum buffer value ........................................... 542 General equation indicating the dissociation of a weak acid at all reactions within the limits of validity of the mass law ... 547 Polyvalent acid buffers and mixtures of monovalent acid buffers ..... 553 Basicbuffers ........................................................ 557 Amphotericbuffers .................................................. 558 Universalbuffermixtures ............................................. 558 The buffer value of blood ............................................ 561 Determination of the buffer values of a solution by titration ......... 563 Note by Lawrence J. Henderson ..................................... 565 Summary ............................................................ 568